Social Distance and Face Mask Detection using vision-based sensors and IP cameras

Healthcare systems all over the world are strained as the COVID-19 pandemic's spread becomes more widespread. The only realistic strategy to avoid asymptomatic transmission is to monitor social distance, as there are no viable medical therapies or vaccinations for it. A unique computer vision-based framework that uses deep learning is to analyze the images that are needed to measure social distance. This technique uses the key point regressor to identify the important feature points utilizing the Visual Geometry Group (VGG19) which is a standard Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture having multiple layers, MobileNetV2 which is a computer vision network that advances the-state-of-art for mobile visual identification, including semantic segmentation, classification and object identification. VGG19 and MobileNetV2 were trained on the Kaggle dataset. The border boxes for the item may be seen as well as the crowd is sizeable, and red identified faces are then analyzed by MobileNetV2 to detect whether the person is wearing a mask or not. The distance between the observed people has been calculated using the Euclidian distance. Pretrained models like (You only look once) YOLOV3 which is a real-time object detection system, RCNN, and Resnet50 are used in our embedded vision system environment to identify social distance on images. The framework YOLOV3 performs an overall accuracy of 95% using transfer learning technique runs in 22ms which is four times fast than other predefined models. In the proposed model we achieved an accuracy of 96.67% using VGG19 and 98.38% using MobileNetV2, this beats all other models in its ability to estimate social distance and face mask. © 2023 IEEE.

Encryption Algorithm Using Polygon Triangulation and Catalan Numbers

The present COVID pandemic has transformed a physical world to a digital world. Electronic communication has become a major part of the human life that leads to a threat to digital network. So, hiding and protecting the information against unintended persons are highly essential nowadays. This can be done by encryption process. Encryption techniques are derived from mathematical concepts like number theory, graph theory, and algebra. The present paper explains a symmetric packet cipher using polygon triangulation and Catalan number of applied number theory. Here, a natural number n is secret between the users. The Catalan number Cn and number of triangles of n-angle Tn have major role in encryption process with simple logical XOR operation. To protect the cipher against different active and passive attacks, to achieve avalanche effect, the present plaintext packet is concatenated with the previous cipher text packet. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Assessing knowledge and barriers at the primary care provider level that contribute to disparities in inammatory breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

Background: Although recognized as the most lethal breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a NCI designated rare cancer and a cancer health disparity, is severely understudied. Given the unique presentation of diffuse tumor spread without a solid mass, not easily detected by selfbreast exams or mammograms, IBC patients often face delays in diagnosis and treatment leading to poor outcomes. Moreover, reproductive risk factors in IBC and high incidence in younger women, minoritized and marginalized populations highlight the significance of primary care providers (PCP) who are often the first point of contact when patients begin to notice symptoms. Method(s): In this study, we evaluated the knowledge gaps and barriers amongst PCP (physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners) in their ability to recognize the signs and coordinate care effectively for IBC. To assess PCP experiences with IBC in their practices and overall breast cancer care during COVID, we first conducted semi-structured interviews (n=11) with providers selected from a convenience sample at Duke University and in the local clinics. Based on data from these interviews and additional cognitive interviews, we developed and disseminated a comprehensive online survey (n=78). Result(s): In this study, access to care was identified as the single most important barrier to treating rare cancers. Furthermore, majority of the PCPs in this cohort identified only a moderate ability to recognize IBC in patients (mean = 3.3, range 1-7), thereby limiting early diagnosis. From the semi-structured interviews, PCPs recognized that IBC is not likely to be part of typical differential diagnosis when patients present with mastitis or breast changes, and most had not seen IBC in their practice. Only 31% (n=78) reported ever suspecting IBC in a patient. Delays in referrals to specialized large clinical centers were also reported as a major barrier. In particular, 62.8% (n=49) reported some delay in referrals for diagnostic imaging. In addition, since the COVID-19 pandemic started, 33% reported diagnosing less breast cancer cases and 63% reported that they experienced breast cancer referral delays. When asked what methods providers would find most helpful to learn more about diagnosing and caring for patients with IBC, the top three modes of preferred education were online CME options (53%);lunchtime, or other in-service training (33%);and website for patients and providers (32%). Conclusion(s): We succeeded in developing a survey instrument and to our knowledge first mixed methods study to assess PCP knowledge gaps and barriers to timely diagnosis and care of IBC patients. Results underscore need to develop PCP training modules and care coordination tools to improve guideline-concordant care. This survey instrument also has the potential to serve as a blueprint to design, implement, and evaluate interventions for other rare cancers.

Encryption Algorithm Using Polygon Triangulation and Catalan Numbers

The present COVID pandemic has transformed a physical world to a digital world. Electronic communication has become a major part of the human life that leads to a threat to digital network. So, hiding and protecting the information against unintended persons are highly essential nowadays. This can be done by encryption process. Encryption techniques are derived from mathematical concepts like number theory, graph theory, and algebra. The present paper explains a symmetric packet cipher using polygon triangulation and Catalan number of applied number theory. Here, a natural number n is secret between the users. The Catalan number Cn and number of triangles of n-angle Tn have major role in encryption process with simple logical XOR operation. To protect the cipher against different active and passive attacks, to achieve avalanche effect, the present plaintext packet is concatenated with the previous cipher text packet. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Advances in Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Despite the global COVID-19 pandemic, during the past 2 years, there have been numerous advances in our understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and diagnosis and in new therapies. We increased our understanding of risk factors and mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias, the prediction of atrial arrhythmias, response to treatment, and outcomes using machine learning and artificial intelligence. There have been new technologies and techniques for atrial fibrillation ablation, including pulsed field ablation. There have been new randomized trials in atrial fibrillation ablation, giving insight about rhythm control, and long-term outcomes. There have been advances in our understanding of treatment of inherited disorders such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. We have gained new insights into the recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of various conditions such as myocarditis and inherited cardiomyopathic disorders. Novel computational approaches may help predict occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and localize arrhythmias to guide ablation. There are further advances in our understanding of noninvasive radiotherapy. We have increased our understanding of the role of His bundle pacing and left bundle branch area pacing to maintain synchronous ventricular activation. There have also been significant advances in the defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy, remote monitoring, and infection prevention. There have been advances in our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

Perception of stress using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) during the lockdown due to second wave COVID-19 pandemic among late adolescents in Malaysian population - a cross sectional study

Aim: To assess the perception of stress using the most widely used psychological assessment instrument perceived stress scale (PSS-10) during the lockdown in the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic among the late adolescents in Malaysian population. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study using the google form via WhatsApp among late adolescents in Malaysian population using the snowball sampling technique was used. PSSscoring is 0 = Never, 1 = Almost Never, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Fairly Often, 4 = Very Often. Scores are obtained by reversing responses to the four positively stated items. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability. Results were analysed by SPSS. Results: Cronbach's alpha value was 0.634, indicates acceptable. Our results showed females have higher scores in the questions related to been upset, unable to control, could not cope and been angered. On the other hand, the males have higher scores compared to felt confident, control irritations. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found females get higher level of stress symptoms than males to cope up with second wave of pandemic. Therefore, it is suggested to support with psychotherapy techniques during the management of COVID-19 pandemic.

Fungal Nasal Polyposis during COVID-19 Pandemic - A Review of 4 Cases

Nasal polyps are usually associated with inflammation, allergy or mucoviscidosis. The global burden of patients with COVID-19 infection, including that in the Indian sub-continent,is still very high and they are at an increased risk of developing invasive fungal infections probably due to their immunocompromised state. Here, we review 4 cases of fungal nasal polyposis in patients with an ongoing or past history of COVID-19 infection with or without associated co-morbidities. Copyright (c) 2022: Author(s).

Prediction and Treatment of Covid-19 Patients through Telemedicine in Indian Scenario using AI

Outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has proved highly disruptive to the order of world. With countries coming at standstill and economy reeling under the pressure, producing negative growth rate. Simultaneous it proved to be blessing in disguise in providing an opportunity for faster adaption of ICT especially into education and healthcare fields. Countries are coming with new acts, laws and rules to facilitate this. National Digital Health Mission, Telemedicine Practice Guidelines and CoWIN driven largest vaccination drive on the earth are some of such instances. ICT integration to healthcare can also help to control the impact and spread of pandemic. So, it the ripe time to implement ICT in healthcare to make maximum benefit out of it on one hand and to overcome scarcity of resource on other side. It can bring speed, convenience, and reliability in various aspects of healthcare ranging from prediction to treatment. In this paper authors have proposed one such comprehensive Covid management schema, for health infrastructure constrained countries like India, based on digitization of healthcare data, its intelligent analysis using Artificial Intelligence and remote patient care though telemedicine-based home treatment. Proposed schema considers historical EHR data comprising of structured health parameter data, unstructured imaging/genomic data and live semi structured critical parameter data collected through IoT devices. The proposed schema may relieve the extra burden on healthcare system by raising warning/alarm based on automated intelligent analysis of data. During this work authors have identified the critical role of Artificial Intelligence and need to tap its true potential in processing huge & inconsistent data produced by different sources. Real time analysis of data through some brute force method is not feasible, so we need intelligent solutions in detection and management of Covid. AI act as savior in this situation. ©2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

To Predicit the Layout of COVID-19 by Using ARIMA Model

It has been observed that a sudden spurt in the number of COVID positive cases reported in the November 2020. The state government has started taking measure to prevent the spread of pandemic and to avert any probable fresh wave of COVID-19 as observed in some European countries. Moreover, winters are setting up in the northern regions of the country including Haryana which is argued as favorable condition for spread of the pandemic by some researchers. Ample data on COVID is now available about the pattern of spread of COVID-19 in the country as almost nine months have elapsed since the first positive COVID case was detected in India. This paper is designed to analyze the data based on district Gurugram of Haryana, COVID’s carriers effectiveness of the measures taken by the government, till now, to contain the spread of pandemic may also be inferred upon by the observations during this work. Finally, the significance of apprehension regarding onset of fresh wave of COVID may be predicted though the model. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Corona disease prediction using traditional machine learning methods

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus that is contagious. This paper provides continuous monitoring of developments in COVID-19 as a supplement to the monitoring of reported incidents. The SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model is regressed with data from different countries to estimate the curves of the pandemic life cycle and to predict when the pandemic will end with codes from Our World in Data in respective countries and the world. The predictive monitors are updated daily with the latest data, given the rapidly changing circumstances. © 2021 Author(s).

Hearing Loss-a Camouflaged Manifestation of COVID 19 Infection.

The symptomatology of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus type 2 infection runs the entire gamut of mild to moderate and serious illness among the affected individuals. As listed in recent literature, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, olfactory and gustatory systems are commonly involved. With the growing knowledge about the disease, varied manifestations have been identified and lately, otorhinolaryngology dysfunctions in COVID 19 have been described. Hearing loss in COVID era is one of the emerging areas of concern and calls for further research in the field for the better understanding and treatment of this entity. This study was designed to assess the audiological profile among 100 mild to moderately affected COVID-19 individuals, so as to make a contribution to the emerging literature on otologic manifestations in COVID 19. In our case series, high frequency hearing loss and referred OAE was noted among significant number of COVID 19 positive patients. This was even observed in patients without any otologic symptoms. Hence, early identification and intervention if required helps to give a better quality of life to the patient.

World wide uncharted trajectory outbreak initiator: Coronavirus [covid-19] pathogenesis

The Coronavirus (CoV) belongs to family of Coronaviridae, suborder Coronavirinae and Nidovirales order. CoV causes diseases in human with a just cold, cough and high fever symptoms simultaneously develops in to severe respiratory syndrome and ceases fatal. The source of virus is believed to be “Wet Market” in Wuhan, China. The source of the latest pandemic has not yet been identified exactly but the original host is expected to be bats and mammals, which are host of wide range of Zoonotic viruses. The current trajectory state defines the virus is climbing rest of the world. The article is a descriptive study of CoV types, origin, transmission of virus from bats, mammals and inanimate surfaces to the host cells, life cycle of coronavirus where the Spike protein (S1 and S2) domains fusing with the receptors present on the host cell and other mechanisms. Steps of translation and exocytosis represented diagrammatically to control and mitigate the fatality. Worldwide therapy of the patients, a glance report on drug developments, stage of clinical trials and vaccine research is reported. © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.

Awareness among college students towards covid-19 and its effects on the cardiovascular system-a survey

Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome affecting countless numbers of lives all over the world. It is reportedly caused due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus which is known to impair the lower respiratory tract causing distress. ACE2 receptors are the func-tional receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and are present in the lungs and heart majorly thereby causing acute cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to spread awareness about the COVID-19 and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Materials and Method: A questionnaire was distributed through an online Google form link to about 100 people of a dental college belonging to age groups between 17-23 years of age. The study population was asked to fill out the forms. The results were collected and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result and Discussion: From the study population, the whole of 100% of the participants gave a positive response when asked if they were aware of COVID-16 and its effects although the majority of the study population was not aware of its effects in the cardiovascular system. Conclusion: By this survey, it can be concluded that a more severe approach to the awareness of COVID-19 and its various effects on the cardiovascular system could be administered among the population for the betterment of lifestyle and health. © IJCRR.